Apple Inc. An American Corporation - 1259 Words

Apple INC is an American corporation headquartered in the state of California. Founded on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. The Company designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. All these products are sold worldwide through Apple’s retail stores, online stores and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and value-added resellers. The Company also sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes Store ®, App Storeâ„ ¢, iBooks Storeâ„ ¢ and Mac App Store .In addition, Apple sells a variety of third-party iPhone, iPad, Mac and iPod compatible products, including application software, and various accessories, through its online and retail stores. The Company’s products and services include iPhone ®, iPad ®, Mac ®, iPod ®, Apple TV ®, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the iOS and OS X ® operating systems, iCloud ®, and a variety of accessories, service and support offerings. Apple’s most recent products on the market are the Apple Watchâ„ ¢ and the Apple Payâ„ ¢ feature. The Company sells to consumers, small and mid-sized businesses and education, enterprise and government customers. At Mount Saint Mary’s University for example all ofShow MoreRelatedApple, Inc. : An American International Corporation Essay718 Word s   |  3 PagesApple, Inc. is an American international corporation. Their head office is located in Cupertino, California. The company create, build, and market customer electronics, computer software, online services and personal computers. The purpose of Apple, Inc. is to uphold and endure their quality. The company and the current market circumstances in which Apple, Inc. manages change swiftly and these variations have dictated rapid fluctuations in management. (Successful Companies, 2016). There most successfulRead MoreApple Inc. : An American Corporation That Designs And Other Consumer Electronics Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American Corporation that designs and manufactures computer hardware, software and other consumer electronics. Apple was established on April 1st in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. Apple Inc. what s more, it’s completely possessed auxiliary’s outlines, produces and markets versatile correspondence and media gadgets, PCs, and compact advanced music players, and offers an assortment of related programming, administrations, peripherals,Read MoreMicrosoft And Apple Inc. Financial Analysis Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages Financial Ratios Name of student Name of institution â€Æ' Microsoft and Apple Inc. Financial Analysis The financial analysis expressed in this paper shows a comparison of two large firms in the communication and technology industry. Microsoft and Apple Inc. both deal in telecommunication gadgets and accessories within the United States and around the world. The paper focuses on the financial comparison of the two companies for two fiscal years of the year 2014 and 2015. A close analysisRead MoreApple Inc. Business Report1406 Words   |  6 PagesApple Inc. Business Report Apple Inc. is one of the largest U.S. corporations and a living legend of the computer world. This is a multinational corporation that designs consumer electronics, software, and personal computers on the market. Well-known hardware products include the best line of computers Macintosh, IPod, iPhone and IPad. It has a logo of bitten apple and associated brand name. The brand was officially registered by Steve JobsRead MoreThe Globalization And Ideology Of Apple Inc.1244 Words   |  5 PagesIdeology of Apple Inc. Brief introduction to Apple In. Apple Inc. is an American high-tech multinational corporation engaged in researching, designing and producing electronic technology products (Wikipedia, 2013). In 2007, the company changed the name from Apple Computer Inc to Apple Inc. headquartered in Cupertino, California (Wikipedia, 2013). The company was established on April 1st, 1976 by Steven Paul Jobs, Stephen Gary Wozniak and Ronald Gerald Wayne (Wikipedia, 2013). Apple Inc. is popularRead MoreGlobal Economy And Economic Variables1246 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Economy and Economic Variables are affecting Global Operations of Apple Corporation 2 Executive Summary The macroeconomic discussi ons that Apple s success tends to be very curious things. Here we have a company that s been phenomenally successful, making products people love s and directly creating nearly 50,000 American jobs in doing so, criticised for not locating its manufa cturing operations in America, eve n as Americans complain about the working conditions of those doing the manufactureRead MoreApple 20101157 Words   |  5 PagesAPPLE INC. IN 2010 Apple Inc. in 2010 Student Name American Public University Business 620 Apple Inc, in 2010 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Apple Computer Inc. in 1976, introducing the first apple personal computer that was mass produced. Throughout the years apple has attained great heights and success in the computer and technological arena. The company has had a competitive advantage in the creation and marketing of the iPod, iPhone, and various other personal media devices includingRead MoreApple Inc. : An Economic Perspective759 Words   |  4 Pages Apple Inc. – An Economic Perspective 1 Abstract This paper examines Apple Inc . with the focus on its highest selling product: the iPhone. The reader will learn abou t the different Apple products and gain an understanding of the following: the laws of demand and supply apply for the iPhone, avai lable substitutes and complements, the elasticity of demand in the short - run and long - run , its production type and technology, and the market structure the iPhone belongs to. Last of allRead MoreApple Inc. Is The Most Valuable Brand On The Planet1204 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: Apple Inc. is an American technology company founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 in Mountain View, California (Apple Computer Company Partnership Agreement, 1976). Initially created for the purpose of developing and selling personal computers, Apple has grown into the world’s second-largest IT company by net sales revenue with its $182.7 billion made in 2014 (Apple Inc. 2014, p. 27) and the world’s second-largest smartphone vendor (FraminghamRead MoreApple Inc. : An American Multinational Technology Company Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesApple which may be called Apple Inc. some time is an American multinational technology company which is in Cupertino, California which is the base of operations, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. The Mac line of computers, the iPod media players, the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, and the Apple Watch smart watch are the best recognized products offered by Apple. The OS X and IOS operating systems, the iTunes

Organizational Behaviour - 1633 Words

INTRODUCTION Organization Defined Organizations are complex systems which rely on people, structures and technology to achieve their goals and objectives. They are created to serve the needs of the societies or communities in which they operate and are influenced by both their internal environment (culture) and their external environment. As defined by Robins â€Å"an organization is a continuously co-ordinated social unit of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals† (Robins 2005). Organizational Behaviour Defined Behaviour on the other hand, he defines simply as â€Å"the actions of people (Robins 2005). Organization behaviour (often referred to as OB) is the†¦show more content†¦Although his work emphasized the technical rather than purely human side of management, he did point out the role of specific incentives in motivating workers and the value of specialization. Perhaps Taylor’s greatest contribution to the study of management and organizational behaviour was his approach of applying the scientific method to industrial problems. (Colonel Samuel H Hays and Lieutenant Colonel William N Thomas,Taking Command, Stackpole Books, USA, 1976, p 93). This scientific approach has been adopted by several theorists and applied to the filed of organizational behaviour. CONTRIBUTIONS BY VARIOUS DISCIPLINS The Contribution of Psychology to the field of OB The psychological contribution to OB focussed on understanding individuals and predicting their behaviour, and using that knowledge within organizations to improve the organization’s competitive advantage. Psychological studies focussed on areas such as perceptions, learning, personality development, needs and motivation. Of these areas motivation is the over arching factor and most important to the organizational setting because it deals with an individual’s willingness to work. Motivation is defined as the conscious decision to direct effort toward one activity more than others (Coffey et. al). Of course one cannot speak of motivation unless they mention Abraham Maslow and â€Å"his hierarchy of needs† theory. Maslow hypothesized that within everyShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organi zational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1455 Words   |  6 PagesIf you were CEO what would you change and why - provide your recommendation with a Before and After Organizational chart. - If you are not working at this time - use a past employer. Ans 1. Table of Content * Introduction * Discussion * Complete assessment of the company I work for – M. Muhammad Shafi amp; Co. * What would I change as the CEO and why * Organizational Charts, Before and After. * Bibliography Introduction Change is very important for any organizationRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesconfusion, also goes under several different names, some of which you will encounter when reading texts on the subject. The two main areas are generally called Human Resource Management (HRM) and Organisational Behaviour (OB), but the field is also sometimes called Organisational Analysis (OA), Behaviour in Organisations (BinO), Organisation Studies (OS), and a host of other names, including the practitioner area called Organisational Development (OD). There are, in fact, subtle nuances and variations inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Issues1427 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Report- Organizational Behavior â€Å"Issues in Organizational Behaviour based on own experiences† Student No. Structure: 1. Introduction 2. Main Body and Recommendations 3. Conclusion 4. References What is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational Behaviour is nothing else than developing our understanding and development of people skills. A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behaviour, interpersonal process and organizational dynamics. DifferentRead MoreEssay about Organizational Behaviour1051 Words   |  5 Pagescom My essay will introduce the culture and organizational strategies of Amazon.com. I focus on the evolution of Amazon.com, the organization culture with the Scheins three levels of culture, the truth of working on Amazon, why is amazon so successful on the basis of organizational strategies and how to improve in the original basis. Organizational culture could be the core of the company and exists from the start of Amazon.com. Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, and normsRead MoreThe Development Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour3154 Words   |  13 Pages2001). Out of this comes the development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). OCB represents â€Å"individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization† (Organ 1988, p. 4). The study of OCB has become increasingly important as the prevalence, importance, and costs of counterproductive, or deviant, behaviour in the workplace have been increasingly recognisedRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour And Communication Issues Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION In this case-study for Electra Products’, I will be addressing relevant, organisational behaviour and communication issues that must be addressed in order to â€Å"revive the failing company† (Samson, 2012). Specific recommendations will be offered to further assist in focusing on the key outlined issues and what actions would be most appropriate to take from this point. Throughout the report, it is clear the attitudes of staff are becoming unfavourable and has resulted in a lack ofRead MoreRoot Metaphors as an Aid to Understanding Organizational Behaviour3097 Words   |  13 PagesRobert Allen 11500024 Root metaphors as an aid to understanding organizational behaviour and their relevance to organizations in a knowledge based economy. Introduction The use of root metaphors to provide insight into organizations seems to be seen as a useful if limited way of understanding their complex natures (Morgan, 1997) (Andriesson, 2008), which may have been more suited to the industrial age. The rise of the Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) and post-industrial organizations pose furtherRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿What is organizational citizenship? Explain the links between the various types of organizational citizenship behaviors and job-related outcomes. In what ways does organizational citizenship affect organizational performance? Illustrate with examples where appropriate. Organizational Citizenship Organizational citizenship is an organizational success that consists of supports from the volunteers of individuals and behavior (Business Dictionary 2013). Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB)

Climate Change Essay Example For Students

Climate Change Essay Global Climate Change Essay has positive and negative effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The cause of global climate change is said to be because carbon dioxide is being emitted through the large scale burning of oil, coal and gas, with an additional contribution coming from clearing of tropical forests and woodlands which results in wildlife life destruction. The carbon dioxide traps heat from the sun in the earths atmosphere and prevents it from being sent back out into space. The heat that stays trapped in the atmosphere causes the global temperature to increase. Globally, average temperatures are expected to increase between 1. 5 to 6.1 degrees Celsius in the next hundred years. Climate change will have significant impacts on the global temperature such as an increase in temperature, change in weather patterns and sea-level rise. Sea-level is expected to rise 95 cm by the year 2100, with large local differences due to tides, wind and atmospheric pressure patterns, changes in ocean circulation, vertical movements of continents etc; the most likely value is in the range from 38 to 55 cm. The relative change of sea and land is the main factor: some areas may experience sea level drop in cases where land is rising faster than sea level. Indirect factors are generally listed as the main difficulties associated with sea-level rise. These include erosion patterns and damage to coastal infrastructure, salinization of wells, sub-optimal functioning of the sewerage systems of coastal cities with resulting health impact, loss of littoral ecosystems and loss of biotic resources. Plants grow through the well-known process of photosynthesis, utilizing the energy of sunlight to convert water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, starches, and cellulose. CO2 enters a plant through its leaves. Greater atmospheric concentrations tend to increase the difference in partial pressure between the air outside and inside the plant leaves, and as a result more CO2 is absorbed and converted to carbohydrates. Crop species vary in their response to CO2. Wheat, rice, and soybeans belong to a physiological class called C3 plants that respond readily to increased CO2 levels. Corn, sorghum, sugarcane, and millet are C4 plants that follow a different pathway. The latter, though more efficient photo-synthetically than C3 crops at present levels of CO2, tend to be less responsive to enriched concentrations. These effects have been demonstrated mainly in controlled environments such as growth chambers, greenhouses, and plastic enclosures. Higher levels of atmospheric CO2 also induce plants to close the small leaf openings known as stomatas through which CO2 is absorbed and water vapor is released. Thus, under CO2 enrichment crops may use less water even while they produce more carbohydrates. This dual effect will likely improve water-use efficiency. At the same time, associated climatic effects, such as higher temperatures, changes in rainfall and soil moisture, and increased frequencies of extreme meteorological events, could either enhance or negate potentially beneficial effects of enhanced atmospheric CO2 on crops. Meteorological Events such as hurricanes and heavy storms damage trees and hence reduce productivity. Droughts disrupt crop rotation, many plants are not adapted to such environments and are therefore unable to survive hence productivity is reduced. Page 1 For interior regions, there might be beneficial gains in agricultural production resulting from the indirect effects of a warmer climate and adequate precipitation, especially in higher latitudes across Canada and Russia. The increased carbon dioxide might also directly increase plant growth and productivity as well. In fact, this theory, known as the Carbon dioxide Fertilization Effect, has led some scientists to controversially suggest that the Greenhouse Effect might be a blessing in disguise. Hamlet: Is He Insane? Essay Laboratory experiments have shown that increased carbon dioxide concentrations potentially promote plant growth and ecosystem productivity by increasing the rate of photosynthesis, improving nutrient uptake and use, increasing water-use efficiency and decreasing respiration, along with several other factors. In middle and higher latitudes, global warming will extend the length of the potential growing season, allowing earlier planting of crops in the spring, earlier maturation and harvesting, and the possibility of completing two or more cropping cycles during the same season. In warmer, lower latitude regions, increased temperatures may accelerate the rate at which plants release CO2 in the process of respiration resulting in .

My Goals free essay sample

My whole life I always wanted to become a successful Mechanical engineer, and graduate from the University of Florida State. One of my goals in life are to go to the University of Florida State. Another goal in my life is to become some type of engineer. But right now I would like to be a Mechanical engineer. Honestly I really don’t know what made me to want to become an engineer. But something about Mechanical engineering always intrigued me for some reason. But, my science teacher has had influenced me and is really making me like Mechanical engineering. So I guess that Mrs. Butterfield has influenced me into being an engineer. My back up plan is to be an engineer too. But this type of engineering would just be anything. Honestly I really don’t read any particular distribution about engineering but I never really want to.Also I really don’t know where I could get a articles about engineering. We will write a custom essay sample on My Goals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The extracurricular activities that I participate in are football and basketball. Honestly, I do not do any volunteer work but I do plan to get some hours before I graduate, at the rec center across the tracks. I think volunteering is good for engineers because that will help them develop good people skills. So in the end I think that volunteering will help me as a future engineer with those people skills. As of right now I have high expectations for engineering. I feel that engineering will be a great field for me and I will have a great career. But I feel that at times is going to be very hard and challenging but I believe that in the end it will be all worth it, because of the money I’m going to get, and how I will be happy to go to work.

Inspired by nature.

Inspired by nature. Inspired by NatureKnown as the Quaker Poet, the majority of Whittier's work revolved around around the harsh New England farm life with which he was familiar with. Whittier grew up on the Massachusetts farm of his Quaker family. His first poem, published in a local paper when he was fourteen, attracted the attention of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, who urged the boy to pursue his education. Though the family had long suffered in poverty, Whittier managed to put himself through two years of school at the Haverhill Academy. In his twenties Whittier began editing regional newspapers. He served one term in the Massachusetts legislature (1835) and was one of the founding leaders of the antislavery Liberty Party in 1839. Throughout the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s, he continued his newspaper work, editing several abolitionist papers in a time before the antislavery movement was generally favored in the North. At the same time, he wrote prose and poetry about his own rural region, collect ed in such volumes as Legends of New England (1831) and Lays of My Home (1843).English: Black-and-white bust portrait of John Gre...Whittier's reputation received a boost in 1857, when the new Atlantic Monthly started to publish his poems and humorous tales. His long poem Snow-Bound (1866) ensured Whittier's fame and financial well-being for the remaining years of his life. "Although his early life was one of relative hardship and isolation, his constant exposure to the wonders of nature gave him a poet's appreciation for the beauties of the world around him," said famous americans an internet biography site.John uses New England's nature as a setting and often theme for a majority of his poems. Snow Bound is an idyllic picture of his boyhood home. In his poem he skillfully paints an image in our head with his words. He wrote in a...

Purchasing a Rock Collection

Purchasing a Rock Collection Boxed sets of rock specimens can be a good start for a child interested in geology. These rock collections are handy, small, and not too expensive. Books, maps, a good rock hammer, a magnifier, and the guidance of local experts will take your child much further. But a modest rock set, especially one that includes a pamphlet and some basic information, is all you need to begin. The most important part of a boxed set is your personal commitment to the child; otherwise, the whole experience is sterile. Rock Collection Box Skip the fancy, intimidating wooden box; cardboard or plastic is sturdy enough. You can always buy a better box later, and more of them to fit a growing collection. Dont buy collections that are glued to a card, as it discourages close examination. A true geoscientist will pull the rocks off for hands-on learning. Other Items in the Rock Collection Many sets include streak plates and items to test hardness, like a glass scratchplate and a steel nail. Those are a plus. But the magnifiers that come with boxed collections are generally not trustworthy; they are the most expensive item and are the first place a dealer will cut costs. Children should have a decent 5x magnifier or loupe, purchased separately, that rewards them with a high-quality visual experience. If a pamphlet comes with the set, review it yourself in case the child needs help with it. Start Small You can get huge collections, but a box with about 20 specimens covers the most common rock types, with maybe a few extras for color or exotic interest. Remember, the point of buying a rock collection is the pleasure of learning to recognize, pursue and cherish the rocks found in your own outings.   Get Rocks, Not Chips A useful rock specimen is at least 1.5 inches or 4 centimeters in all dimensions. A proper hand specimen is twice that size. Such rocks are big enough to scratch, chip and otherwise investigate without spoiling their appearance. Remember, these are for learning, not admiring. Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic Theres merit in getting a set of rocks that reflect your own region, but a set of exotic rock types might fascinate someone who travels or dreams of traveling. Are your local rocks igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic? If you dont know, its easy to learn yourself. Use an identification table to identify your rocks. A specialized rock collection would have fewer specimens than a general one, of course. Mineral Collection Rocks are more popular than minerals, and theyre easier to learn about, but for the right child, especially in a locality with notable mineral occurrences, a boxed mineral collection may be just the thing to start with. For most budding rockhounds, a mineral collection is the ideal second step after getting a rock collection. Becoming a real expert in rocks requires strong skills in mineral identification. Another aspect of mineral collecting is the possibility of visiting rock shops, near home as well as on the road, to buy more specimens inexpensively. Reading Matters A rockhound of any stripe must be able to read texts and maps as well as rocks. If youre buying a rock collection for a child, for best results be sure he or she is comfortable with print and has a basic grasp of maps. Without reading skills, a child will always be limited to gazing and dreaming. Scientists need to gaze and dream too, but they also must read, observe, think, and write. A rock kit is only a start.

Popular Music in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Music in America - Essay Example Over the years, music instruments have gradually become more technology oriented and digital music production has gained prominence, today there are several genres of music such as rap (partly), techno and house music where the beats are exclusively generated by computers. The rapidly growing power or sound producing devices coupled with their increasing affordability has facilitated the separation of instruments in to categories such as controller and synthesizers.   The implication herein is that today one does not need to have a wide array of instruments such a pianos, guitars harmonicas and others so as to produce music. With a simple personal computer installed with the latest music generating software many of which are available for cheaply if not freely online, one can actually create musical beats with much less the same dynamism that could be achieved by using the convectional tools. The Android app store also allows users to download a variety of virtual instruments such as keyboards and guitars, while the concept is still new and not very well developed, several musicians have actually produced whole songs though their smartphones using this downloadable instruments. Before the 70’s music had to be recorded either on low quality tape recorders or very big an expensive reel to reel machines, the latter were however exclusively for the use of professional studio or rich musicians owing to their prohibitive costs.   Gradually, technology allowed the studio to be simplified.... The rapidly growing power or sound producing devices coupled with their increasing affordability has facilitated the separation of instruments in to categories such as controller and synthesizers. The implication herein is that today one does not need to have a wide array of instruments such a pianos, guitars harmonicas and others so as to produce music. With a simple personal computer installed with the latest music generating software many of which are available for cheaply if not freely online, one can actually create musical beats with much less the same dynamism that could be achieved by using the convectional tools. The Android app store also allows users to download a variety of virtual instruments such as keyboards and guitars, while the concept is still new and not very well developed, several musicians have actually produced whole songs though their smartphones using this downloadable instruments. Before the 70’s music had to be recorded either on low quality tape re corders or very big an expensive reel to reel machines, the latter were however exclusively for the use of professional studio or rich musicians owing to their prohibitive costs. Gradually, technology allowed the studio to be simplified in the late 70s with a portastudio with multitrack tape recorders, which became widely available, and affordable, later digital recorders supplanted the analogue audio devices.3 The digital audio workstations have with time morphed and been condensed eliminating all the extra hardware and today for non-professional recording, one only needs a personal computer with a high quality sound card, hardware audio interface and editing software such as Adour and pro tools. Despite the fact that professional

Marketing Services of Damia Spa Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Services of Damia Spa - Assignment Example The health facility embraces the people from this wide and diversified culture all interested in harmony of Singapore (Damai Spa Singapore n.d.). Damai symbolizes the peaceful and harmonious coexistence of these various cultures as practiced in Singapore. Numerous services are offered at the Damia Spa. The Spa treatment offers customers services that are beyond their expectations and that they would enjoy. The naturally beautiful and serene environment ensures that the patients enjoy their stay in the Spa. Damai Spa offers treatments that are based on the different healing philosophies (Damai Spa Singapore n.d.). This makes the patient get customized treatment and services depending on their traditional beliefs and practices. The traditional Chinese medicine ensures balancing by unblocking the vital energy. The Malay Jamu philosophy heals by the use of herbal and natural well being. Moreover, the European spa therapy energies the body connection while the Indian ayurveda purifies and detoxify the body (Zeithaml & Mary, 1996). When customers attend treatment at Damai Spa, they are guaranteed other supplementary services. These include the provision of a robes and scandals for comfort. Secured lockers will make the patients keep safe their personal belonging even though the management is not responsible for the losses (Damai Spa Singapore n.d.). The Spa further prohibits smoking and drinking in the premises to ensure patients enjoy tranquility and peace. In addition, the spa etiquette enables the patients to shower before body checks and Damai Spa has the fitness center that is geared towards wellness enthusiasts while looking for innovative ways that restores balance in the lives and for total rejuvenation. The fitness center includes yoga, bollywood, capoiera and hip hop dance. All these enables the customers to engage in fat burning, strengthening exercise and provides professional advice on nutritional and healthy lifestyle. To supplement the fitness center, recreational facilities like swimming pool, studio, badminton courts, and oasis poolside restaurant are available (Damai Spa Singapore n.d.). The marketing of services requires customization of services and this explains why the wellness center offers attention to each member (Vedulla, 2005). Special fees charged attracts customers and affordable to the members. The technology wellness key is easy to use by the members and stores data that is communicated to the gym equipment. The key can also guide the members through each exercise hence a training strength. In addition, Damai Spa salon services provide a variety of services. These include hair cut, hair color, shine lights, and hair permitting and hair treatment at affordable rates. This wide variety ofi services makes customers have selection choice and therefore enhancing their satisfaction. The services are charged at different rates, which make the spa serve various classes of people. The salons are situated in natural and ser ene environments that ensure comfort and satisfaction. In all the categories of services that are provided, Damai considers the diverse nature of people’s values, customs, and rituals. These diversities are blended in a manner that ensures harmony of the four-wellness philosophies. The Damai couples journey a selection and seasonal fruits served and herbal tea

The School of Sociology and Anthropology Essay Example for Free

The School of Sociology and Anthropology Essay Joel S. Kahn is Professor of Anthropology at the School of Sociology and Anthropology, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia. He has authored several books, including Constituting the Minangkabau: Peasants, Culture and Modernity in Colonial Indonesia, Minangkabau Social Formations: Indonesian Peasants in the World Economy, and edited, with Francis Loh Kok Wah, Fragmented Vision: Culture and Politics in Contemporary Malaysia For some time we have lagged behind Indonesian stratificatory realities under the impression, once quite true, that the middle classes (or whatever we choose for the moment to call them) were too minute to make a difference. Now, suddenly, when they appear to be making some difference, or anyway are substantial enough to compel notice, we are at a loss to figure out who exactly they are, why they are important, and what difference they actually make. Daniel Levs remarks about Indonesia are doubly true in the Malay-sian context, for in spite of the well-documented growth of, if anything, a relatively larger middle class, as yet there has been remarkably little interest among social scientists in the phenomenon. With a handful of exceptions, very few Malaysianists in Malaysia or overseas have done more than mention the middle class in passing; and there have been even fewer attempts to clarify the use of the concept in Malaysian conditions, or to assess its impact on the taken-for-granted contours of Malaysian society. In the scholarly literature on the Malays, with which I am most familiar and which for better or worse tends to predominate, we   This paper is based on research carried out on the emergence of an indigenous middle class. I am grateful to the Australian Research Council which has provided funds for my ongoing research in Malaysia for the last several years. I would also like to acknowledge my debt to Maila Stivens, my co-worker in this study with whom I have discussed many of the ideas in this paper, and who has given me many suggestions based on her research. I would also like to thank Pat Young and Lucy Healey for their bibilographical work which proved very useful in putting this article together, and Gaynor Thornell for help with the typing.   instead continue to witness an outpouring of studies of peasants, factory girls, ethnicity, and Islam not unimportant in themselves, but in their distribution far from fully representative of current trends in the Malay community. As for studies of Malaysias other main ethnic groups, lamentably fewer in number, the growth of the middle class is similarly largely ignored. But consider the following. According to one observer: In Malaysia, where the non-Malay component of the middle class had continued to grow as a result of economic development since independence, in the 1970s Malay representation in the middle class rose sharply following the introduction of the New Economic Policy. And depending on the interpretation of census data, the size of that substantial and prosperous middle class was as high as 24 per cent of the work force in 1980 (ibid, 31-32). The class grew in significance in the 1980s, so that, using the same calculation, Saravanamuttu estimates that by 1986, 37.2 per cent of workers were in middle class occupations. And doubtless the 1990 census will show continued growth in both the absolute and relative size of the Malaysian middle class.

Herbal Dietary Supplements :: Diet Supplement Weight Loss Gain Research Paper

Herbal Dietary Supplements Fit America Fit America touts itself as the very best and most practical 100% Natural system of weight loss that helps an individual lose weight without dieting. Fit America is a natural weight control that is composed of 13 herbs and minerals that supposedly "help suppress appetite, regulate the bowels and kidneys, and stimulates the metabolism so the body uses the foods consumed more efficiently." The Fit America program requires a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. Fit America promises that an individual can expect to lose up to 10 to 18 pounds per month with a proper balance of food and water consumption. These herbal supplements include astragalus, bitter orange, cascara sagrada, fo-ti, gingko, english hawthorn, henna, licorice root, ma huang, and valerian root. It is recommended that individuals who utilize the Fit America program begin by taking one gray colored herbal capsule twice a day and one peach colored herbal capsule once a day. The Fit America program then encourage s the individual to gradually increase their dosage of grey colored capsules but to take no more than eight in one day1. For a 7 - 10 day starter kit of Fit America, the price is $29.95. For a 45 day supply, the cost is $139.00. I will attempt to review the safety of these herbs and their effects on the human body. Herbal Regulations When a pharmaceutical company desires to market a prescription drug, they must meet certain procedures and standards established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These procedures can last many years and incur hundreds of millions of dollars of cost for the pharmaceutical company. Before a drug can be marketed, it must first be patented and then pass three phases of clinical investigation. In Phase I, the drug is tested by giving a small amount of it to a limited number of people. At this stage, the researchers are looking for the pharmacological effects on the body such as side effects. In Phase II, individuals who have the condition that the drug is supposed to treat are tested. Approximately 100 people are tested in this phase. If Phase II shows signs of promise, then clinical investigations move into Phase III.

Diet Aids and FDA Approval

The diet industry is huge, a multimillion dollar industry. The introduction to products that help individuals lose weight will always be popular and interest never wanes because of the frequency in which new products arise from the market. Now comes the big question, just how important is it for diet aids to have Food & Drug Agency (FDA) claims? Most health supplements, vitamin supplements, and diet aids do not have FDA approved on them. But does this really matter? In some cases, yes and in others no. The FDA is an organization that is part of the US department of Health and Human Services.The center for drug evaluation and research (CDER) makes sure that all prescription and over the counter drugs are safe for consumers, including diet supplements. Most diet aides are released without being regulated from the FDA but every now and then one is, the most recent being ephedra, and its ban. It is important to remember two things when reading claims whether they are for health benefits or for dangerous side effects. The first is that if there is a warning on the label it is unknown whether 50% of all those that used the product or if on 0.1% had side effects. Companies must put the side effect warning on the label if only one person in the study had side effects. This is mainly for insurance, if you take the diet aid and experiences side effects out of thousands of individuals that don’t then you can’t sue the company; the warning was on the label. Secondly just because there are health benefit claims on the label doesn’t actually mean that they will happen to the individual taking the product. It simple means that it may happen not that it definitely will.However having FDA approval is always a good thing. Unlike a company the FDA will conduct research or contract researchers to conduct a thorough and correctly structured clinical study. Any results will show good conclusions that can be trusted. The FDA is looking out for the consumer, not t he companies whose bottom line is to make as much product as possible. Here is an outline of the regulation of diet aids with ephedra. Ephedra was a popular weight loss product, particularly when paired with caffeine and aspirin.However the use of ephedra was linked to heart problems and over 155 deaths. Like many diet aids it increases your metabolism by increasing your heart rate, which causes many problems. The FDA could not actually ban ephedra but it sent out a ruling that the FDA does not support and products containing ephedra as it had unreasonable risks of illness or death associated with it. The FDA collected information about ephedra from independent experts and studies on both the benefits and dangers of ephedra.However it should be noted that Chinese herbal medicines and teas that contain ephedra are not regulated under this ruling. (Nelson, 135). Now it is very likely that a vast majority of individuals using ephedra did not experience any side effects or heart problem s at all. However there was enough of the population that did, and most importantly quite a few deaths were found to be directly linked to ephedra in diet supplements that the FDA felt there was a significant cause for concern.Due to it’s ruling many states in the US banned the selling of ephedra products causing many companies to reformulate their diet products. Also if you look at the history of the FDA and its rulings you will find a very tangled web. The FDA during the 1940s and 50s in diet aids approved amphetamines and amphetamine like products. Since then the FDA has been trying to define the parameters in which these products can be safely taken (Colman, 380-385). The FDA has been found to change its mind over time, particularly as science is improving and research tools are becoming available.Now I should let you know that a product containing ephedra is still all-natural because ephedra comes from the Ma Huang plants. Incidentally most health supplements and diet ai ds all come from plants, so they are â€Å"all natural†. Just because it is labeled all natural doesn’t mean it isn’t dangerous. Almost anything at the wrong level will kill you. It is simply the products that are dangerous at small amounts that cause the most concern. Eating carrots can cause blindness and eventually death, but you have to eat a lot of carrots for a long time.Many of the substances found in diet aids are at concentration higher than they would be found in nature and this is what can make them harmful. Now comes the consumer, just who should they believe. You are standing in a store reading a label that lists some pretty fantastic benefits, but it is not FDA approved (Allen). Many products are being marketed as helping you lose weight, improve your life span or have anti-aging properties. Without the correct clinical trials, which can take years, it is unknown if the benefits outweigh the risks.As previously stated Ephedra was first approved and then found to be dangerous as was another product called Fen-phen. (Keim). There are many health claims available to help your memory, expand your age, make your heart healthier etc. You can achieve this by taking ginkgo boloba, cinnamon extract, grapefruit extract, acai juice, resveratrol etc. There are other diet aids that act as appetite suppressants or are thermogentic (raise your metabolism), fat blockers, and meal replacement.The real danger is not using the diet aids in a correct manner as there are significant risks of developing eating disorders when using dieting aid (Celio, 492-497). This takes away from the benefits you will have by losing weight because you will be lighter but you won’t be healthy. It is amusing to actually read the directions on diet aids. The majority of the time the directions give dosage information and then state that it is only effective eating a healthy diet and exercise. Now most medicinal practitioners and athletes can get an individual to lose weight by eating sensible and exercising.The diet aid may actually work not because of the diet aid but because you are eating a healthy diet and exercising. There is a large psychological part to dieting that many people do not understand. On a personal note I would feel much more secure and confident using a diet aid that was approved by the FDA but that does not mean that I would rule out using other products. I would first research and collect some information about products. I would stear clear of any product that says has side effects relating to heart problems or internal organ failure.If the side effects are not minor and research shows that cultures have been using it successfully for years then I probably would try it. It is important to pay attention to detail such as concentration in the diet aid as well as follow the directions and pay attention to what is going on in your body. If I had any concerns I would see about speaking to a nutritionist or doctor about any risks. It is fine to use diet aids but don’t just pick one on a whim. You do need to be careful and determine what the risks are and if you think the benefits are greater than the risks.

Racial Profiling Essay

Racial profiling is a big issue. Many people have been victimized because of cops and other high authorities’ senseless attitudes on how to handle the law. What people have to realize is that racial profiling does happen to innocent people who are mostly targeted or pursued because of their race or sometimes even because of their religion. These things can also cause citizens to become very angry and unwilling to cooperate with law enforcement. Racial profiling has been the cause of many outbreaks of riots. There has even been many riots because of innocent people being racial profiled against; causing citizens to become antagonistic, bitter, and hateful towards the law. This can be a problem because they even target good police. The cause of racial profiling can start not only hostile attitudes, but a shift in the views of how police treat citizens. Racial profiling is a method that police and other law enforcement agents use to catch someone who has committed a crime or is about to commit one. It is a controversial method. In fact, even the meaning of racial profiling is controversial† (Kops, Pg. 9). Racial profiling is a very controversial topic, because this topic makes people uneasy to talk about. It’s especially hard for victims who have been racial profiled against because of the memory of their terrible experience. â€Å"In 1942, over 120,000 American were stripped of their business and their homes and incarcerated for the duration of World War II. They had committed no offense. They were convicted of no crime. They were suspected, subjected to curfews, arrested, had their property confiscated, and finally imprisoned because of the color of their skin and their national origin or the national origin of their parents† (Meeks, Pg. ). Situations like this can cause a shift in the government where they have constant issues on how to approach citizens because of the fear of being accused of discriminating against people. This sometimes has citizens wondering is it okay for police to check you if they â€Å"think† you are committing a crime? Well there have been mixed answers when the law is confronted with this question. Also this can cause tension between cops and the law enforcement because of all the animosity and stress of being constantly accused of racial profiling. There have been retired cops who have written books talking about their experience as a cop. Some give details that outsiders wouldn’t know about the cop’s secret jobs. Is it possible that good police are afraid? This could be the reason why; they could also be afraid that if they tell too much they could possibly lose their job. But just as there are good cops, there are also bad cops. Like the ones who harass people for no reason; simply because of the physical features. â€Å"An officer’s daily duties require them to violate the rights of others, without question, on a repeated basis (see video – 2min in). Police routinely fine or jail, at taxpayer expense, people whose crimes lack an actual victim. Whether it is for driving without a license, disorderly conduct or illegal drugs, police are the ones enforcing such laws. More surprisingly is it seems they do so only because they are told to, and believe such violations are acceptable to keep others safe (this doesn’t even include officers who blatantly and knowingly abuse their power)† (Freeman). Is it a thing of giving law enforcement too much power? Many people have many complaints that the law has access to how they suspect if the person is in the wrong. This is a prime example of why there can be a separation between cops. However, often many good cops are targeted for a crooked cop’s bad deed. With this happening it scares away potential cops; who are afraid of this horrible thing happening to them, which has citizens and other authorities on edge. The lack of law enforcement would be a huge problem; without the law the crime rate could possibly reach an ultimate high. Law enforcement is supposed to be put in place as a security, and protection for citizens. But how can you trust them when they also commit crimes. It makes it even harder for citizens to report a crime because they are afraid of what might happen to them. Bad cops are considering somewhat professionals at pulling big schemes. They can pull off these schemes because of the connections they have with even high authorities. Some schemes could be tied to drug trafficking and many other things. But are once they are accused of such heinous crime, why are these issues sometimes forgotten about? It’s like the process of prosecuting these police are constantly kept quiet. Well it’s about time that it’s brought public. â€Å"Negative stereotypical biases of African-American males overshadow any appearances that they are law-abiding citizens. Indeed, in the eyes of many law enforcement officers, an African-American male driving a Mercedes-Benz projects the presumption of illegal activity, not the presumption of a hard working citizen† (Weatherspoon). Keeping these things private can cause more attention to what are they really doing. But no one is taking a stand and asking questions; simply because of fear of becoming a target of the police. â€Å"The term driving while black has been used to describe the practice of law enforcement officials to stop African-American drivers without probable cause. The practice particularly targets African-American males. African-American males are not only singled out while driving, but also while schooling, eating, running for political office, walking, banking, serving as a juror, getting a taxi, shopping, and just being black and a male. The mere fact of being black and male in America is sufficient cause for governmental and private law enforcement officials to abridge the rights of African-American males. This is not to suggest that law enforcement officers can never consider race when performing their job† (Weatherspoon). African American males are not the only people who are targeted. For example, during the Holocaust Jews were killed, beaten, starved, and a lot of other horrific things all because of their religion and race. â€Å"The European Holocaust of the 1930s and 1940s, which cost millions of Jews (and other ethnic groups) their lives, led many Jews and non- Jews alike throughout the world to believe that a Jewish homeland was necessary. During and after World War II, many Jewish refugees found themselves without a nation and with nowhere to go† (Jones, Johnstone, Pg. 358). Racial profiling seems to never have an end. Many cases you hear about how racial profiling still exists ‘til this very day. The question that everyone should be asking is, â€Å"why should a person race, religion, or beliefs determine how they are judged? â€Å"Racial profiling is an abusive practice that targets innocent citizens solely because of the way that they look. It is not an effective law enforcement strategy. Research shows that racial profiling diverts officers’ attention from using actual, objective signs of suspicious behavior to effectively assess situations. Racial profiling erodes trust between law enforcement and its community. As a result, people are less likely to report a crime or work with the police to give information that could apprehend an actual criminal† (Elliot). This statement is true; racial profiling really is not a strategic method. Since this method has been put in place it has done nothing but cause an upset to the community. Communities have had negative feelings towards racial profiling. So why is this still a method? No one seems to ask this important question that could change the law enforcement system. Changing the system could make a better relationship between citizens and law enforcement. Because more citizens may be willing to open up more to the law, without feeling like they can’t trust police. Before this solution could be an option the law enforcement should make an extra effort with making sure that the community knows that they can trust they are truly secured. â€Å"While there have been attempts to end racial profiling in Congress, no bill has successfully been passed. Communities across the country have been subjected to this useless, degrading tactic for too long. Now is the time for Congress to reintroduce and pass comprehensive legislature to end racial profiling† (Elliot). Congress has yet to make any decisions about eliminating racial profiling. But that doesn’t mean that change won’t happen. Racial profiling as stated in within this research paper is a very controversial topic, but it also a sad topic. The way a person can be mistreated just because of the color of their skin. When reading the facts about racial profiling it is saddening to know that a person can be humiliated and tortured over nothing. Victims of racial profiling are caught off guard, because they have no clue of why they have become a target. Some people are targeted because of their religion; for example a Muslim lady could become a target of racial profiling because of her head wrapped. Muslims have became targets ever since the 9/11 incident. â€Å"Since September 11, 2001, members of Arab, Muslim, and South Asian communities have increasingly been searched, interrogated and detained in the name of â€Å"national security†, often times labeled â€Å"terrorism suspects† when in reality many were only charged with misdemeanors or minor immigration violations, if they were charged at all† (Racial Profiling: Face the Truth Campaign). African-American males are also targeted, because of how they present themselves. This can make some African- American males uneasy to go out in public, because of the fear of being watched and seen for the clothes they wear. â€Å"As a result, community members become less likely to assist with criminal investigations or seek protection from police when they themselves are victimized, which makes everyone less safe† (Racial Profiling: Face the Truth Campaign). Communities are now starting to stick together, by not helping the police. Some feel that they should not help the police when the police attack innocent people.

Talcott Parsons essays

Talcott Parsons essays Talcott Parsons was born in 1902, and died in 1979, of his time he was considered the most admired American sociologist. Parsons was bread into a well-to do family and was given a strong educational foundation as a child. His father was an American Midwest preacher and very academic. As a student Parsons studied philosophy and biology, he felt out of place though so transferred to sociology and economics. As he excelled in these fields, he began his studies in Europe, giving him a wide view on different societies. In Europe he examined the work of Weber and Marx, and other German sociologists at a time when American sociology was rather parochial. His work was so impressive that he got offered a job at Harvard University, where he remained for the rest of his life. Talcott Parsons was a key functionalist thinker. His work contributes a great deal to the functionalist theory. He argued that socialisation is the key to understanding human behaviour patterns. The role of social institutions such as the family, education, religion and the media is to ensure the passing on, or reproduction, of socially acceptable patterns of behaviour. The institutions do this by socialising people into key values of society, they encourage social solidarity and social integration and they also control behaviour by reminding members of society about what counts as normality and deviance. Parsons is the only modern sociologist to have produced as influential a body of work as the founding fathers- Marx, Weber and Durkhiem. His most important work is his book, The Social System (1951), in which he saw human action as analogous in many ways to a biological system. He argued society is like a human body, every part has a function to do and all the functions together keep the structure going. He identified four levels of action, which are interlinked but can also be studied separately: The biological system, the personality system, socia...

The Most Reliable SAT Essay Template and Format

The Most Reliable SAT Essay Template and Format SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Aside from the â€Å"grid in† math questions, all you have to do for most of the SAT is answer multiple choice questions. And then, if you've chosen to take it, there's the essay. Or, more accurately, "To finish up, there's the essay." Because the last thing you'll do on the SAT (with Essay) is read a passage and write an essay analyzing its argument, all in 50 minutes. How can you even begin to read a passage, analyze it, and write an essay about it in 50 minutes? What SAT essay structure should you follow? Is there an SAT essay format that’ll score you a top score for sure? Read on to find out the answers to these questions!

19-64 underinsured final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

19-64 underinsured final paper - Essay Example ublic policy must take account of these cultural sensitivities, a willingness to recognize priorities and set limits seems to be proportional to the level of frustration with ever-increasing costs. A much-cited example of rational priorities for medical care comes from the state of Oregon, where a commission was appointed in 1989 to make recommendations to the state legislature on how to expand coverage and set priorities in the Medicaid program. Underinsured people were to be added to the Medicaid list to cover every resident whose income was below a certain level, but this could be afforded only by reductions in the benefit package. After much consultation with health professionals and public hearings and community meetings held throughout the state, the commission produced a list of almost 700 condition-treatment pairs grouped in 17 categories and ranked according to priority. According to the plan the Medicaid program would pay only for items above a certain cutoff point on the l ist, to be determined from time to time by the legislature. The plan was implemented in 1994 and has been politically popular among the general public and with Medicare recipients. As of 1998 it is limited to relatively poorer persons eligible for the state Medicaid program, and has not been extended to the general public. â€Å"Managed care has been the single most dominant force which has fundamentally transformed the delivery of health care in United States since the 1990s† (Shi, L. & Singh, D., 2004, p. 324). Once each year there is a major conference of representatives of the funds, the regional associations of physicians, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies, to work out the contribution rate and other details for the underinsured. The government does not provide any funding to the system but is very active in regulating and monitoring it. The basic features of the social-insurance-based health system have been adopted in many parts of the country. The welfare-oriented

How strategy maps could be a useful management tool and system to Essay

How strategy maps could be a useful management tool and system to monitor and control the performance of organisational or business units - Essay Example Strategy maps could effectively be used as a management tool and system to monitor and control the performance of business or organizational units (Meyer 202, p. 184). In the current business environment, strategy maps do have an immense advantage in the sense that they help in a systematic organization of strategy and the commensurate allocation of budgetary resources, they help in capturing and conveying the quintessential crux of the contrived business strategy, help elevate the overall business discussion in an organization from the level of operations to strategy and they facilitate a better management of business performance. Strategy maps allow the managers to contrive a visual and structured organization of the contrived business strategy and help the managers decide as to in a given strategic scenario, what are the actual drivers of performance in a business or organizational unit (Ward, Tripp & Maki 2013, p. 227). Strategy maps help in the identification of objectives imminent in a business strategy and thereby they allow the managers to decide as to which objectives need to be optimally developed before the salient business measures are taken. Using the strategy maps in the management of a business or organizational unit assures that the concerned managers will chose only those measures that happen to be optimally appropriate and that are poised to aid the achievement of salient business goals. Strategy maps do assure the success of any contrived strategy as they help the managers to capture, convey and manage the overall strategy to the salient stakeholders in a business or organizational unit in an optimal and better way (Fitz-enz 2010, p. 27). A well contrived strategy maps is an effective tool in the sense that it immaculately captures the thought process and vision of a management team in any viable business or organizational unit. Strategy maps help the managers effectively convey to the incumbent stakeholders as to how an envisioned

Systems of administration in criminal justice organizations Essay

Systems of administration in criminal justice organizations - Essay Example Applying these theories to the modern Criminal Justice administration any organisation whether based on Criminal Justice or any other Department requires the use of Open and Closed systems for its effective functions. The organisation of Criminal Justice is in a constant state of flux due to changes in the outside environment, societal attitudes, mandates, legal decisions and other uncontrollable variables.In this regard if we look at the Police Systems and other Law enforcement Organisations there is large influence of extraneous factors. There was   an era   with in the police history of Political appointments with in the traditional Police systems(pre 1900) when the city politicians wanted political control over the Police Stations .In this sense Police Stations were historically open systems in an administrative sense because they were openly controlled by politicians. This system was criticised because this so called â€Å"political era† of policing was a time of high level corruption and bribery and undue influence of the extraneous factors .A rather reformed period of administration began at the turn of thee 20th century when there was an organizational attempt by these departments at professionalising and organising the police departments and to isolate themselves from political influence and corruption. By necessity such a step required a closed system which would isolate them organizationally from the public. The organizational and administrational set ups of the Police departments adopted a more bureaucratic colour. and their structure became very rigid and organised. There was less Individual discretion and separate rules and regulations for the institutional reform and management. This closed system required a certain "detachment" from the community which was not necessarily very ideal but indispensable to the pending reform. Things changed however after this reform era of the 1940's and the 1950's ,due to civil unrest so characteristic of the 1960's.A more open system where the public would be taken in trust and confidence was seen as a means promoting better crime management. The 1970's therefore saw a more open system i.e. a form of community policing.(Falcon, 2002) It can be seen therefore that the American criminal justice has experienced a transformation of organizational approach that transformed it from a closed set up and made it significantly more community interactive. Community interactivity has become a critical component in the ongoing struggle to balance the extremely uneven presence of perpetrators to law enforcement officers. The advantage of a closed-system approach was seen as the most appropriate way to protect society against criminal infiltrators by keeping information and management hidden from the public eye.However law enforcement officials realised that there was a kind of a "beneficial impact" by involving the community members by means of the open-system approach .The arrangement was practical and economically sound. The closed system ideology is still predominant across many parts of the US and also figures prominently in the mechanisms of the FBI and DEA today.(Hodgson 2001

African Caribbean Culture In The United Kingdom Marketing Essay

African Caribbean Culture In The United Kingdom Marketing Essay African-Caribbean communities organize and participate in Caribbean Carnivals Caribbean style carnivals throughout the UK. The best known of these is the annual  Notting Hill Carnival, attracting up to 1.5 million people from Britain and around the world, making it the largest street festival in Europe. The carnival began in 1964 as a small procession of Trinidadians in memory of festivals in their home country. Leeds West Indian Carnival  is Europes oldest West Indian carnival and now attracts around 130,000 people. Other carnivals include the Leicester Caribbean Carnival and the Birmingham International Carnival. British African-Caribbean people A majority of the African-Caribbean population in the UK is of Jamaican origin; other notable representation is from Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Barbados, Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia, Dominica, Montserrat, Anguilla, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Guyana (which although located on the South American mainland is culturally similar to the Caribbean and was historically considered to be part of the British West Indies), and Belize. African-Caribbean people are present throughout the United Kingdom with by far the largest concentrations in London and Birmingham. Significant communities also exist in other population centres, notably Manchester, Bradford, Nottingham, Coventry, Luton, Leicester, Bristol, Leeds, Huddersfield, Sheffield, Liverpool and Cardiff. In these cities, the community is traditionally associated with a particular area, such as Brixton, Harlesden, Stonebridge, Tottenham, Dalston, Lewisham, Edmonton, Peckham in London, West Bowling and Heaton in Bradford, Chapeltown in Leeds, St. Pauls in Bristol, or Handsworth and Aston in Birmingham or Moss Side in Manchester. According to the 2001 census, the largest number of African-Caribbeans is found in Lewisham, south-east London, with 9%. British African-Caribbeans have an extremely high rate of mixed-race relationships, and could in effect become the first UK ethnic group to disappear. Half of all British African-Caribbean men in a relationship have partners of a different ethnic background, as do one-third of all British African-Caribbean women. 2009 estimates for England alone roughly put the full African-Caribbean to partial African-Caribbean heritage ratio at 2:1, with over 900,000 people of African-Caribbean origin in total. England in 2009: 609,400 (approximately 1.20% of the English population) Regions with significant populations Greater London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Cardiff, West Midlands, Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Leicester Sheffield Caribbean London Its hard to say exactly which parts of London are synonymous with Caribbean culture. In August itll be Notting Hill, but although there are hubs of residential areas Peckham, New Cross, Dalston, and Lewisham That will have their fair share of Caribbean (and African) residents and at least a handful of grocers or takeaways selling Caribbean food; its a community thats fairly spread across town. Two main areas do stand out, however: Brixton in South London and Harlesden in the North West. Brixton Market is home to Europes largest amount of Afro-Caribbean foodstuffs, which obviously appeals to a large contingent of Afro-Caribbean consumers who can also find specialist hairdressers, barber shops as well as hair products in the surrounding streets. Harlesden also boasts its fair share of Caribbean cafà ©s and grocers, but is best known as the reggae capital of London. AFRO HAIR Black hair has been the subject of discussion for many years. Today, black hair has reached new heights, with new styles, news products, and leading hair fashions. Whether its natural Afro, braids, weaves or treatments make everyday a great hair day!   Latest Info MACADAMIA HAIR OIL In just three years, Macadamia Natural Oil has risen to become a global phenomenon in professional hair care. INTL BLACK HAIRITAGE 2012 The 2nd Intl Black Hairitage is back with an afternoon of films, QAs, talk, workshop as well as a Mini Market to celebrate and explore the culture and issues around natural living and holistic health. NATURAL NOVEMBER Natural November event showcasing the very best in natural hair, health and beauty products with special guests. INGRID FARRELL CELEBRATES East London hair stylist Ingrid Farrell is celebrating after reaching the finals of the prestigious English Hair and Beauty Awards. AFRO HAIR BEAUTY SHOW Afro Hair Beauty LIVE loves to introduce revolutionary style ideas and this year weve scouted out the freshest and most talked about movers and shakers in hair and beauty industry to make the shows line-up more exciting than ever! CREME OF NATURE AWARDS 2012 The Creme of Nature Community Action Award is all about giving something back to the many communities across the UK that have helped make Creme of Nature one of the most well known brands in the hair and beauty market for the past 30 years. BLACK HAIR INCOME (UK) NETWORK Kolorpurple Marketing, a Bedford based firm announced the launch of a network marketing program, Black Hair Income (UK) Network to tackle the problem of unemployment amongst women in the African and Caribbean community. MARCIA JOHNSON STILL A SUCCESS Prolific national hair champion Marcia Johnson has proved shes still number one in her industry, nine years after she won her first award as a hairdressing student at the College of North West London.   ORGANIC ROOT STIMULATOR Is your hair damaged, over-processed, shedding or breaking? It sounds like your overdue a Hair MOT, get the recovery underway with the Organic Root Stimulator Hair Mayonnaise an intensive conditioning treatment.   AMAZONIA ORGANICS This miracle treatment will transform all types of afro, relaxed, curly over-processed hair to a sophisticated level, organically and without the need for chemicals or harsh ingredients. The results are apparent instantaneously, producing a lush shine. Controls and nourishes dry hair.   HAIR CELEBRATION Hair Celebration at arc Gallery is an event inspired by Hair Power Skin Revolution: an anthology of poems and essays edited by Nicole Moore, in which Black and Mixed-race women explore the range of skin and hair experiences. CHRIS FOSTER Multi award-winning hairdresser Chris Foster provides a range of services to the hairdressing industry, from training and skill-development with the Foss Academy, through to session services, platform stylist and show organizer.   AFRO HAIR BEAUTY BIBLE   The Afro Hair Beauty Bible The must have beauty book for Women of Colour by Alison Husbands. This glossy stylish handbag sized book is complimented by stunning images in an easy to read format, just what a busy woman needs no matter what her lifestyle. GOOD HAIR DVD Written, produced and narrated by the worlds biggest comedian Chris Rock (Madagascar, The Longest Yard) and winner of the Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival 2009, GOOD HAIR is released on DVD by Icon Home Entertainment on 27 September 2010.   SPECIALIST LACE FRONT WIGS Whilst hair loss can occur due to medical reasons (hereditary, diffused, chemotherapy), the most common reasons for hair loss amongst black women is due to chemical processing or traction damage. AFRO SAXONS Chocolate Films documentary Afro Saxons blows the lid on Afro-hair competitions in the UK. A warm, inspirational and touching film that delves into the professional and home lives of the stylists while they express themselves with mind-blowing gravity-defying hair designs.   Business and Marketing Plan Summary The Marketing Plan for Beauty Queens Cosmetics Illustrates with a Vision to get a growth in Targeted Region with a mission to achieve a Unique and leading role in his business Industry. And it includes a Marketing and Sales Plan which if executed well then the company can get their targeted growth result. The Report is supported with a Regional Analysis of Target Area and some info on Hair Products in UK Region. The Business Business name: Beauty Queens Cosmetics Business structure: hair and cosmetics specially designed for African people Business location: African and Caribbean customers in UK Date established: The date you started trading. Business owner(s): List all of the business owners. Products/services: black Afro hair and cosmetic products Goals/objectives: Increase lifetime value of customers Increase the average number of items purchased per sale Increase the frequency that a loyal customer shops Increase the percentage of customers who are returning customers Increase the number of new customers Increase customer satisfaction Increase visibility and memorability of brand identity Increase new customers from referral and word of mouth The Market Target market: Black British women, African and Caribbean customers in United Kingdom. Marketing strategy: By offering a complete range of black Afro hair products, Services Solutions for a variety of customers requirements. Reach out the Giant Customer base from all sectors. Enhancing the Online marketing strategies to reach out the peoples via Internet marketing. Segmentation of Customers The bulk of the ethnic minority group as a whole are concentrated in large urban areas, especially London. An outstanding 80% of Black Africans and 61% of Black Caribbeans lived in London. Following London, the second largest proportion of ethnic minority population as a whole lived in the West Midlands (13%), followed by the South East (8%), and Yorkshire and the Humber (7%). So The Segmentation of customers should largely focus on London and Birmingham. Notably Manchester, Bradford, Nottingham, Coventry, Luton, Leicester, Bristol, Leeds, Huddersfield, Sheffield, Liverpool and Cardiff have the good Number of afro Caribbean peoples. So the Major Focus should be on these cities. THE BUSINESS OF BLACK HAIR AND BEAUTY Size and Growth of Industry According to Cobweb Research, African Caribbean hairdressing is a rapidly expanding sector of the industry with an estimated 2,000 salons in the UK, at least half of which are located in London alone. The size and economic impact of this market is however, said to be vastly under-estimated. As a result, the Knowledge Centre on Black and Minority Ethnic Businesses (KCBMEB) in partnership with Afro Hair Beauty conducted quantitative research to provide an estimate of the true size of the industry. Rough calculations result in an estimated 50 million pound market for London alone which employs approximately 5,000 people Hairdressing in general is one of the faster growing industries in the UK, and although black women are estimated to spend, on average, four times more on their grooming then the average woman, a lack of formal business skills amongst many Afro-Caribbean-led salons means that these businesses are not enjoying the same level of success as their mainstream counterparts. To further emphasize this point, research conducted by Business Link for Londons Knowledge Centre on Black and Minority Ethnic Businesses also shows that expectations of growth in terms of employee size and turnover are not being achieved. The following table reveals that 16% of businesses expect to move out of the 5 or less employees category into the 6 plus category and almost one in ten of these businesses expect to move into the 10 plus employee category within the next two years. What happens in reality (if we compare 2 years ago and now) is that only 2% moved out of the 1-5 employee category, 3% out of the 6-10 em ployee categories, and 1% into the 10 plus employee category). Number of Staff in African-Caribbean Hair Beauty Businesses Two Years Ago Currently Expected in Two Years None 13% 7% 5% 1 5 employees 70% 72% 58% 6 10 employees 13% 16% 23% More than 10 employees 4% 5% 14% 100% 100% 100% Achieving Growth Potential African Caribbean Hairdressing is a rapidly expanding sector of the increasingly lucrative UK hair and beauty industry and since its inception has been one of the strongest growth areas in the Black and Minority Ethnic market. Added to this, the UKs ethnic population is growing by 2.5% a year and even more within London, which holds about half of the UKs BME population. Overall, the groups disposable income is estimated at  £12bn and the markets potential is further boosted by the fact that black women spend up to four times as much money on their hair as their white counterparts. Salon owners and professionals must be educated on the business case for increasing their business and technical skills, and formalizing their business processes so as to reap the benefits available to them in the form of training, funding opportunities, publicity and involvement in government initiatives aimed at achieving business growth within the sector. Attitudes need to be changed and to do so requires a social marketing campaign, the main objective of which should be to encourage the dissemination of information that informs and encourages salon owners and their employees to improve standards. As a result, Business Link for Londons Knowledge Centre on Black and Minority Ethnic Businesses is working with partners, shebytes Ltd., and Afro Hair Beauty to: develop a sustainable programme of business training and support tailored to the needs of businesses in this industry revival of an industry association that will champion the needs of all players in this specialised market support the development of an accredited training academy which will meet the continuous skills and training needs of this dynamic market develop an online database of businesses in the industry, create inspirational case studies of good practice in the industry, and develop online tools that are specific and easily accessible to business owners and aspiring business owners in the industry Competitors Analysis Its up to entrepreneurs to attract and retain customers, and all your most profitable future clients already exist. Many of them probably belong to your competitors, so its up to you to persuade them to do business with you instead. This is a skill business owners can learn. At its base, it comes down to advertising, something successful entrepreneurs are doing anyway. Plus, if youre going after your competitors clients, your chances for success increase for two reasons: Youre targeting only those prospects who have already purchased or are in the process of purchasing a product or service similar to yours, and youre rewarding the competitions best clients for taking immediate action while showing you proof of their purchasing intent. To reach those prospects interested in making a purchase, here are five ideas you can use right now in your display or internet advertisements: If you have received a written estimate from any of our competitors, show us proof and youll receive a special discount at our establishment. Show proof that you received our competitors sales letter, sample or brochure and instantly receive $25 toward your next purchase with us. If you currently own an XYZ Widget, you immediately qualify for an instant credit of $20 toward our products and services. If your do-it-yourself home repair project didnt turn out right, show us your receipt for materials purchased, and youll receive an immediate discount up to 10 percent off your repair bill. Before worrying about the cost of gaining customers this way, remember that your initial rebate or incentive offer is a one-time acquisition cost. The lifetime value of acquiring this new client could easily be worth thousands of dollars or more to your business.   For this strategy to work, your ads must reach your competitions clients. Research the places your competitors advertiseonline and in newspapers, magazines and the Yellow Pagesand advertise there, too. Then, when creating your next advertising campaign, ask yourself if your incentive is irresistible enough to instantly steal business away from competitors. With enough incentive and reward for taking immediate action, youll have created an advertisement tempting enough to accomplish your goal. Differentiate yourself from your Competitors 1.  Reduce Expenses, Not Advertising Take a look at your Profit and Loss statement, or itemize all of your expenses, and ask yourself how each line can be eliminated or reduced. Find out where you can cut back. A little here and a little there will soon add up. However, the one expense you do NOT want to reduce is advertising. In fact, many retailers will increase their marketing efforts during slower sales periods because there is more competition and fewer consumer dollars. 2.  Get Creative Retailers in the same industry generally use similar marketing methods to reach customers. Now is the time to get creative and use unconventional marketing methods to distinguish your business from the competition. A unique marketing campaign attracts more attention and lands more sales. Also, look for some new untapped market you and your competitors overlooked. You may uncover a niche market you can dominate with little or no competition. 3.  Provide Outstanding Customer Service By going the extra mile to provide good service, retailers can outlast the competition. Make shopping in your store such a memorable experience that customers cant wait to come back or to tell their friends. People like to shop where they feel comfortable and where they feel the owner truly cares about their wants and needs. Use your salespeople to talk with your former customers, present customers, and the people who buy from your competitors. Not to be gauche as a business-performance consultant, the best-practice answer is to hire a competent outside-participant to learn customers attitudes. A hot topic: Since early 2009, it seems all we have heard about is social media and connecting with customers. Hence, the increasing popularity of social-media measurement, but it is still challenging to leverage social media for business success. It takes a savvy staff or outside experts to listen and engage prospective customers in the marketplace. Beat a Lower-Priced Competitor Its every companys nightmare: a competitor enters your market with a similar product priced at a fraction of what you currently charge. You need a strategy for beating the low-ballers. So whats the best way to proceed? On the one hand, all you need to do is drop your prices below the competition, and buyers will beat a path to your door. On the other hand, this approach will land you in a price war, and there are no winners in a price war only survivors. Even if you manage to run your competitor out of business, chances are you may not have much of a business left when the battle is over. Luckily, it  is  possible to beat a lower-priced competitor without crippling your profits. Thats the good news. The bad news is that youll need to make major operational changes, and youll need to rethink how you communicate with customers. The changes required may not be for the faint of heart, but theyre better than the alternatives. So gird your loins, corporate warriors; youre about to embark on one of the biggest strategy challenges youll ever face. Select a Value Strategy. Goal:  Lay the groundwork for repositioning your product. When customers prefer the lower priced of two items, its usually because they believe the cheaper item is a better value. To compete, you need to get the customer to value your product more than the competitions regardless of the price. There are four market strategies that accomplish this: Lower your prices.  Yes, this is an option. The challenge is to do it without destroying your own profit margins. (Well explain how to do that in the next step.) The big danger here is that youll end up with a price war, so you must ensure that you have what it takes to be the last firm standing. Example: Dell underpriced PCs during the 1990s in order to grow market share. Build a uniquely superior product.  Customers will pay more if theyre convinced your product is demonstrably better than the competition. This superiority can be rational (like a feature or function nobody else has), emotional (like a reputation for being cool), or a combination of both. Example: Car buyers pay more for Volvos because theyre seen as safer than other cars. Create a hassle-free experience.  Customers will pay extra if your product is easier to buy and use than the competitors. Example: Many shoppers happily pay more for the convenience of bagged lettuce, even though it is significantly more expensive than head lettuce. Take ownership of the customers results.  Customers will pay extra if, in addition to providing the product, you take responsibility for ensuring that it generates the results the customer seeks. Example: GEs Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines come with consulting programs, operating training, and a patient-preparation program a package that ensures that the machines will meet the hospitals performance expectations. Big Idea Where Do You Fit In? Think of product value as a grid. The left axis defines what you sell: Does your firm offer stand-alone products, or do you specialize in offering an ongoing set of services? The top axis is about your core value proposition: Does your offering compete largely on the basis of how much it costs, or does it offer features that make it unique? The more sophisticated your product gets, the more you can charge for it relative to the competition. Similarly, the more value your services provide, the more you can charge for them. Reposition, Readjust, and Reallocate Goal:  Make the internal changes necessary to support your strategy. Lowering your prices = Changing manufacturing and distribution.  To beat low-price competitors at their own game while also remaining profitable, you need to squeeze every last drop of inefficiency and cost from your manufacturing and distribution system. Example: If your competitor has outsourced its manufacturing to China, consider outsourcing your manufacturing to Vietnam, where costs are even lower.   Building a uniquely better product = Changing design and engineering.  Determine through market research what features or design will prompt customers to see your product as being unequivocally superior to the competition. Then get engineering to build it. Example: If youre launching a line of designer handbags, find out what fabrics and leather provide a look and feel that potential buyers view as upscale. Creating a hassle-free experience = Changing sales and marketing.  Figure out why its difficult to buy and use your competitors product, and then make it easy to buy and use yours. Example: Pioneer recently offered giant console TVs for sale at Home Depot, because many customers often already had a truck in the parking lot that they could use to haul the bulky item home. Taking ownership of the customers results = Changing customer support.  Build a deep bench of experts who really understand your customers businesses. Example: Under Lou Gerstner, IBM hired and retrained thousands of consultants, transforming the company from a mainframe computer vendor into a computing services vendor. Promote the New You Goal:  Communicate your new value strategy to potential customers. Once youve implemented all the operational changes required to reposition your product in the marketplace, its time to tell the world why your firm offers superior value. That means adopting a communications strategy that matches your market strategy, as follows: If you offer lower prices, mimic the competitions go-to-market strategy.  Ensure that whenever a customer sees a competitors product, your product is right next to it at a lower price. Example: Kinkos searches out local print/copy shops and locates a franchise across the street, offering prices that the local shop cant match and eventually driving them out of business. If you build a uniquely better product, target your advertising.  Reach customer groups that are most likely to believe your product is superior by selecting venues that the competition neglects. Example: Sonys VAIO PC business advertises in lifestyle magazines to reach female buyers, who are more likely to appreciate the VAIOs sleek design. If you create a hassle-free experience, generate positive word of mouth.  Make it easy for your customers to sell for you. Consider tell a friend coupons or offer referral fees. Example: Network Marketing products (like Amway) are typically priced higher than store-bought items, but they are sold by neighbors to neighbors (thats the word of mouth) and drop-shipped to the buyers (thats the hassle-free part). If you take ownership of the customers results, create a presence as an industry insider.  Get your sales consultants out to conferences, working groups, and industry-association meetings where they can work closely with decision-makers and develop consulting opportunities. Support your consultants with a wealth of case studies and reference materials. Example: The IT consulting firm Accenture promises to take responsibility for the successful implementation of the strategies it develops for clients. Some Big Online Competitors http://www.yhbuk.com/ Global Rank- 6,500,967 http://www.pakcosmetics.com/ Global Rank- 237,489 Rank in GB- 24,238 http://www.evolutionhairdressing.co.uk/ Global Rank- 21,314,825 http://www.miracleshairandbeauty.co.uk/ Global Rank- 19,385,944 http://www.blackbeautyandhair.com/ Global Rank- 1,644,907 http://www.bebeauty.co.uk/ Global Rank- 20,902,879 http://www.beautyqueens.co.uk/ Global Rank- 5,862,573 These People are doing much of advertising to make themselves more and more present online. Using Search Engine Optimization, they are turning more and more traffic towards their online stores. There are lots of SEO techniques by which one can get a good traffic to their websites. SEO Experts are well equipped in using all these techniques to make websites online presence more and better. Social Media networking platforms are best way to make a good number of local customers and targeted people. Marketing strategy Marketing activity/milestone Person responsible Time Duration Print advertising Marketing Manager Once in a month public relations Marketing Manager One Year branding and artwork Marketing Head One Year publications and catalogues Marketing Head online advertising SEO Expert 6 Months blog/social networking SEO Expert 6 Months mail-out SEO Expert 6 Months Website SEO Expert 6 Months Event Marketing Head Once in 6 months media release (Online Direct) Marketing Head Once in a month The Marketing Strategies are as simple as in every business all people Execute to increase their sales. These Strategies could be Online Marketing and direct both. Advertising sales Advertising and promotional strategy Planned promotion /advertising type Promotional strategy Execution Print media advertising By Using Business Print Media, The Top Most level of executives of Industry can see the Service we offer. The Relationship Manger with The Help of Design team can create an attractive designed offer to publish on daily print papers in their targeted audience. online advertising Using Online Advertisement, A huge amount of traffic comes to the desired destination we set as our goal. We can manage this process with SEO expert. He can design and execute the suitable template to most of searchable websites around the target. mail-out Using Email Marketing we send thousands or lacs of Emails to the Executives who have decisive power to Enhance their business. SEO expert team will manage this email marketing process with their executives. publications and catalogues In Publication Catalogues we Can Include Our Products, Features, Services and the Latest Offers for New and Old Customers. Our Clients Review also plays a vital role in this section. When Looking at the competitors, we can make us stand out with differentiate and make this offer available on publications, catalogues and daily prints. blog/social networking Social networking places are becoming the new platform to promote the businesses and can increase the traffic on the web. We can put our products and services there for the consumer in any part of the world. The SEO or Social Media team will do blog posts, classified ads on ad post sites, do make interact with local guys and make them feel better with our products and service. branding and artwork, Events These are the strategies where we can invite our global partners, clients, share holders and new people to tell how and what we achieved. We can make better retention of our old partners, clients etc and can acquire the new people for growing our business. Relationship managers team will Arrange Brand publish, event organise and invite key customers and big clients. There can be a Reward ceremony to our major partners and distributors. public relations This can be good if we have a good relationship manager; he can be good with the clients and can generate a referral program in his team for new Acquisition. We need a Good Relationship Manger from Local area with a good experience and fair knowledge of customers and local people. Online Sales and Marketing methods Online Advertising Channels Strategy Execution Online Business Directories Online directories give consumers a one-stop shop for finding local businesses that offer the products and services they need. There are general online business directories that host listings for business in various industries, but there are also more specific directories that hold listings for niche businesses. Choose quality online directories that receive constant traffic and that are updated frequently with new listings, as customers are more likely to use these sites. There are lots of Online

Sophia Loren :: Star Hollywood Actress Biography Loren Essays

Sophia Loren It has been said that Sophia Loren was and is one of the most beautiful women in the world, but Sophia did not have an easy time getting to the status of Hollywood star. She started her life in poverty, lived through and saw the horrors of world war two. She became a beauty queen and from that tried her hand at acting. She went on the act in one hundred movies and won an Oscar award in her lifetime. Sofia Scicolone was born in Rome Italy on September 20, 1934. She would eventually change her name. She used a different spelling of her first name, Sophia, and tried out the last name Lazzaro. After one film she then decided that Loren would be a better choice and stuck with it. Sophia was born to an unwed woman named Romilda Villani; her father would not marry her mother but finally signed an affidavit that confirmed that Sofia was his child. Sophia soon had a little sister named Maria. Sophia's father was also Maria's father; however, this time he refused to sign the affidavit for Maria because he did not want to pay anymore child support. That meant that she was able to use her father's last name. In Italy , at that time, a child could not even start school if they did not have their father's last name, so Maria could not go to school and was ostracized because she didn't have a proper name. World War Two started and Sophia's town was a bomb target. At night Sophia and her family would have to take shelter in a railroad tunnel and soon the town was evacuated. The family moved to Naples and stayed with some distant relatives during the rest of the war. Sophia was old enough to understand what was going around her. She would sit on her balcony and watch what was happening around her. She was not unaware of the horrors of war, but once the war was over she found something else to watch; the movies. She absolutely fell in love with what she saw on screen and wished that she too could one day be and actress. She didn't care about the fortune and fame she just wanted to be like the people she saw on screen. Sophia was growing up and was now a teenager. She was turning into a beautiful young